Science Wiki

🪐 Astrobiology & Space Science 7 min read

Abiogenesis

Abiogenesis is the natural biophysical and geochemical process by which living organisms arise from non-living matter, representing the evolutionary transition from planetary geochemistry to autonomous, self-replicating biochemistry.

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🔬 Biochemistry & Biophysics 7 min read

Active site

The active site typically comprises only a minute fraction of the total volumetric mass of the enzyme, usually consisting of fewer than 20 amino acid residues.

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🧬 Genetics & Evolution 7 min read

Adenine

Adenine (symbol A or Ade, systematic name *9H-purin-6-amine*) is a fundamental purine nucleobase (chemical formula C5H5N5) that serves as one of the core structural and informational pillars of molecular biology, genomics, and cellular bioenergetics.

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🐙 Cell & Organismal Biology 9 min read

Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic nucleotide that serves as the primary molecular unit of currency for intracellular energy transfer across all known domains of life.

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🌍 Earth & Climate Systems 5 min read

Advanced Earth System Modeling (ESM)

While traditional General Circulation Models (GCMs) revolutionized our understanding of the physical climate by solving the fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of the atmosphere and oceans, they historically treated the Earth's biology and...

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🦠 Microbiology & Immunology 9 min read

Advanced Immunotherapy (CAR-T and TCR)

At the forefront of this cellular engineering are engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) and Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs), which reprogram lymphocytes into highly directed cellular therapeutics.

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🦟 Entomology & Vector Biology 26 min read

Aedes aegypti

The species originated in Africa as a forest mosquito that bred in tree holes and fed on a range of animals.

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🦟 Entomology & Vector Biology 22 min read

Aedes albopictus

In medical entomology, Aedes albopictus is a major vector of chikungunya virus, and it is a competent vector of dengue virus and Zika virus.

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🌍 Earth & Climate Systems 4 min read

Aerosols (atmospheric)

Unlike long-lived, well-mixed greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) or methane (CH4), aerosols possess an atmospheric residence time of only days to weeks before they are washed out by precipitation.

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🌍 Earth & Climate Systems 5 min read

Albedo

Albedo is the dimensionless, quantitative measure of the diffuse and specular reflectivity of a surface or planetary body.

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🔬 Biochemistry & Biophysics 9 min read

Amino acid

An amino acid is an organic molecule that serves as the fundamental molecular building block (monomer) of proteins and polypeptide chains.

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🔬 Biochemistry & Biophysics 9 min read

Ammonia

The physicochemical properties of ammonia are strictly dictated by its molecular geometry and its highly polarized covalent bonds.

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🦟 Entomology & Vector Biology 23 min read

Anopheles

Anopheles is the only genus whose members transmit human malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and the monkey parasite P. knowlesi.

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🦟 Entomology & Vector Biology 33 min read

Anopheles gambiae

Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is among the most efficient vectors of human malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.

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🌍 Earth & Climate Systems 13 min read

Anthropocene

The Anthropocene is a proposed name for the interval of Earth's history in which human activity has become a dominant influence on the planet's climate, biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems, and sedimentary record.

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🦠 Microbiology & Immunology 9 min read

Antibody

The remarkable functional diversity of antibodies is derived from their highly modular, rigidly conserved quaternary structure.

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🧬 Genetics & Evolution 8 min read

Anticodon

An anticodon is a highly conserved trinucleotide sequence located at nucleotide positions 34, 35, and 36 within the seven-nucleotide anticodon loop of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule.

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🧬 Genetics & Evolution 8 min read

Antiparallel

In molecular biology and structural biochemistry, antiparallel refers to the strict opposite spatial orientation of the two complementary polynucleotide strands that constitute the DNA double helix or double-stranded RNA duplexes.

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🐙 Cell & Organismal Biology 7 min read

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a highly conserved, genetically directed mechanism of programmed cell death essential for the development, structural homeostasis, and physiological regulation of multicellular organisms.

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🦟 Entomology & Vector Biology 28 min read

Arbovirus

An arbovirus (from arthropod-borne virus) is a virus that is maintained in nature by biological transmission between susceptible vertebrate hosts and blood-feeding arthropods, which acquire the virus by feeding on a viremic host and transmit it...

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🦠 Microbiology & Immunology 8 min read

Archaea

Within the framework of Earth system science and planetary biogeochemistry, archaea act as foundational metabolic drivers.

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🔬 Biochemistry & Biophysics 7 min read

Artificial Intelligence in Structural Biology

Contemporary computational biology has transitioned into a predictive, highly scalable discipline, driven by the integration of deep learning architectures.

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🌍 Earth & Climate Systems 4 min read

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is the primary kinetic and thermodynamic artery of the global thermohaline circulation system.

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🌍 Earth & Climate Systems 5 min read

Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the relatively thin, dynamic layer of gases—commonly known as air—retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet.

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